FASD The Course > Module 5: FASD Prevention > 6. Prevention Domains
Module 5: FASD Prevention
Prevention Domains
Preventive interventions are designed to minimize risk factors and maximize protective
factors. Risk factors increase the chances of engaging in harmful behaviors. Protective
factors decrease the chances of engaging in harmful behaviors. Risk and protective
factors exist in a variety of domains in a person's life:
- Individual: biologic and psychological dispositions, attitudes, values, knowledge,
skills, problem behaviors
- Peers: norms, activities, bonding
- Family: function, management, bonding
- School/work: bonding, climate, policy, performance
- Community: bonding, norms, resources, awareness/mobilization
- Society: norms, policy/sanctions, environment
The following table provides examples of risk and protective factors for FASD in
the various domains related to alcohol use during pregnancy.
Risk and Protective Factors for FASD in Various Domains.
|
Domain
|
Risk Factors
|
Protective Factors
|
|
Individual
|
Low self-esteem, unemployment, tobacco use, frequent binge drinking
|
Prenatal care, meaningful employment, education
|
|
Peers
|
Friends who drink while pregnant
|
Supportive peers who share messages about the harm of drinking while pregnant
|
|
Family
|
Heavy drinking by parents and siblings
|
Supportive partners and relatives who share messages about the harm of drinking
while pregnant
|
|
School/work
|
Drinking behavior of coworkers
|
Alcohol-free social gatherings
|
|
Community
|
Tolerance toward heavy drinking
|
Education of health care and social service providers and law enforcement officers
|
|
Society
|
Alcohol culture
|
Norms against drinking while pregnant
|
Sources: Stratton, K.; Howe, C.; and Battaglia, F., eds. 1996.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment.
Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Wilsnack, S.C., and Beckman, L.J. 1984. Alcohol Problems in Women: Antecedents,
Consequences, and Intervention. New York: Guilford Press.
Wilsnack, S.C.; Klassen, A.D.; Schur, B.E.; et al. 1991. Predicting onset and chronicity
of women's problem drinking: A five-year longitudinal analysis. American Journal
of Public Health 81:305-318.